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Oyster card
The Oyster card is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport in Greater London in the United Kingdom. It is promoted by Transport for London and is valid on travel modes across London including London Underground, London Buses, the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), London Overground, trams, some river boat services, and most National Rail services within the London fare zones.
A standard Oyster card is a blue credit-card-sized stored-value contactless smartcard that can hold single tickets, period tickets and travel permits, which must be added to the card before travel. Passengers touch it on an electronic reader when entering and leaving the transport system in order to validate it or deduct funds. Cards may be "topped-up" by recurring payment authority, by online purchase, at credit card terminals or by cash, the last two methods at stations or ticket offices. The card is designed to reduce the number of transactions at ticket offices and the number of paper tickets. Usage is encouraged by offering substantially cheaper fares than with cash though the acceptance of cash is being phased out. On London buses, cash is no longer accepted.
The card was first issued to the public in July 2003 with a limited range of features and there continues to be a phased introduction of further functions. By June 2012, over 43 million Oyster cards had been issued and more than 80% of all journeys on public transport in London were made using the card.
As part of TfL's 'Future Ticketing Programme' the Oyster card platform is due to be replaced〔http://nfctimes.com/news/transport-london-accept-bank-cards-throughout-network-2012 "Transport for London wants to get out of the business of ... and issuing closed-loop Oyster cards ..."〕 by a contactless payment card system, the first stage of which is due to be completed by June 2015.
== Background ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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